STOP! It’s Hammertime…
Discover the great mysteries of the
Hammerhead Shark
“Man
cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the
shore.” – Andre Gide
Let’s take a dive. How far will you go to spot the Mufasa
of the sea? The deeper you dive, the scarier it gets. Since the beginning of
mankind, marine biologists have tried to uncover the mystifying depths of the
ocean. But what if I said I could finally uncover the hidden secrets that have
been locked hundreds of miles below the surface for so long? Take a shark bite and
find out.
Southern California’s warm waters brings more than just
surfers and suntans to the coastline. Although hammerhead sharks were just
recently added to the endangered species list, a shocking sighting of a
7-footer in Huntington Beach captures the attention of the locals and reporters
in all of the area (Perez). What are they doing so close to the shore? Why do
they have elongated heads and wide set eyes? Other than their appealing and
unique aesthetics, why are hammerhead sharks so intriguing? Read further, as I
guide you into the misleading world of the hammerhead shark.
What’s wrong with their head?
Have you ever
wondered why the head of a hammerhead shark is so oddly shaped? Believe
it or not, there is a purpose behind their anatomy. The head’s shape is
specifically designed to pin down the shark’s favorite treat under the sand:
the stingray. Stingrays innate ability to lie completely flat on the ocean
floor make them no easy prey to slay. The head of the shark resembles a metal
detector in that it uses electroreceptors called ampullae of Lorenzini, to
scour over the sand and detect the stingrays electrical pulse (“Hammerhead
Shark”). As if that feature isn’t distinct enough, hammerheads also have
panoramic vision. The location of their eyes allows them to essentially have
360-degree view, the only blind spot being right in front of their nostrils
(“Hammerhead Sharks-National Geographic”). Being primarily bottom feeders,
their limitless vision enables them to hunt camouflaged small creatures such as
squid, crab and sardine that live at the bottom of the ocean.
Let’s talk about sex.
How does a shark have sex one might ask? Well, their
mating and birth processes are incredibly similar to ours. Hammerhead sharks are viviparous, meaning that
the fertilized eggs hatch inside a female and after a gestation period of about
11 months, the offspring (also known as “pups”) are released into the waters. A
typical litter consists of anywhere from 20-50 pups (Edwards)! Male sharks
typically scope out the larger females because they can carry three to four
times more pups than smaller females. However, romancing with females is not an
easy task. Female hammerheads tend to travel in groups of 100 or more, with the
largest residing in the middle of the pack for protection from the males. Once
the male shark spots his lady, he pulls her out to the open ocean where they can
have a little privacy (Ince). From here, the waters start to get a little
rough. The male portrays his dominance by aggressively biting and whipping the
female until she submits to him, similar to a Fifty Shades of Grey routine.
After the female has become his submissive, the sharks begin the mating process
as most mammals do; through sexual intercourse. Fun fact: sharks have two
penises known as claspers that channel semen into the females. It’s a shame
they don’t mate for pleasure.
To make matters even more interesting, a recent study has
revealed that female sharks can reproduce asexually. In an unusual method
called parthenogenesis,
females can fertilize their own eggs without the need for male sperm (Queen’s
University Belfast). Though the ability to switch between sexual and asexual
reproduction may seem advantageous, it also poses a threat to the species.
Without paternal DNA, asexual reproduction reduces genetic diversity and
increases the likelihood of genetically disadvantaged offspring.
Trained Assassins!
Scream. Panic. Freak. If you are the typical uninformed beachgoer
in the ocean, when you see a shark fin popping out of the water your first
instinct is probably to swim away, assuming you aren’t already in paralytic
shock. What you have in common with millions of other people who have the same
fleeing instincts, is that you are unaware that the chance of you dying from a shark
attack is 77 times less likely than dying from a lightening strike (“5 Things
More Likely Than A Shark Attack”). Yeah…take a second and really process that. As
Finding Nemo’s Great White Shark Bruce once said: “Fish are friends, not food.”
Since 1580, only 33 hammerhead shark attacks have ever been recorded, none
being fatal (“Has There Ever Been a Fatal Hammerhead Shark Attack Recorded?”).
If I were to see a shark fin above water and a hammerhead shape beneath me,
there would actually be a moment of relief knowing they pose no real threat. Of
the nine known species of hammerheads, only 3 of them have ever attacked a human:
Great, Scalloped and Smooth.
Save The Sharks!
Knowing that
hammerheads are relatively harmless, it's surprising that last year scalloped
hammerheads became the first shark on the U.S. Endangered Species List
(Shiffman). Since the 1950s, populations have decreased by 99 percent,
primarily due to overfishing (“Great Hammerhead Shark”). Shark fin soup has
been a delicacy in China since the Ming dynasty. With each bowl costing anywhere
from $5 to $2000, it is safe to say you aren’t merely paying for the taste
(“History of Shark Fin Soup”). Ordering shark fin soup signifies the customers’
wealth and self esteem. People are placing value on financial eminence and
societal status over free will of the animals whom we share our home. Since
when has monetary value possessed more beauty than watching a hammerhead shark
swim swiftly below the surface? How did we establish superiority over a
creature whose habitat covers 70 percent of our earth? These creatures are
hunted for sport and then thrown back as bait, yet we call them the killers? Take
a look in the mirror and let’s make a better reflection of ourselves. Now that
you have been empowered with this information, join my efforts and save the
next hammerhead!

Works Cited
"Check Out These Amazing Hammerhead Shark Facts!" SharkSider. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Sept.
2015. <http://www.sharksider.com/hammerhead-shark/>.
Edwards, Steven. "Hammerhead Sharks Reproduce Asexually." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 23 May
2007. Web. 22 Sept. 2015.
<http://www.wired.com/2007/05/hammerhead_shar/>.
"Great Hammerhead Shark - Our Endangered World." Our Endangered World. N.p., 12 Mar.
2013. Web. 22 Sept. 2015. <http://www.ourendangeredworld.com/species/sharks-fish/great-hammerhead-shark/>.
"Hammerhead Shark." Shark Facts and Information. BioExpedition, 2014. Web. 22 Sept.
2015. <http://www.sharks-world.com/hammerhead_shark/>.
"Hammerhead Sharks - Hammerhead Pictures - Shark Facts - National
Geographic." National
Geographic. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Sept. 2015.
<http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/hammerhead-shark/>.
"Has There Ever Been a Fatal Hammerhead Shark Attack
Recorded?"Answers. Answers
Corporation, n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2015.
<http://www.answers.com/Q/Has_there_ever_been_a_fatal_Hammerhead_shark_attack_recorded>.
"History of Shark Fin Soup." History of Shark Fin Soup –. Shark Truth, 2015. Web. 27 Sept.
2015. <http://www.sharktruth.com/learn/history-of-shark-fin-soup/>.
Ince, Sarah DeWitt. "How Do Hammerhead Sharks Mate?" EHow. Demand Media, 2015. Web. 22
Sept. 2015.
<http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4569342_hammerhead-sharks-mate.html>.
Perez, Jessica, and Hetty Chang. "Warmer Weather Drawing More
Sharks to SoCal Coast." NBC
Southern California. NBCUniversal Media, 17 Sept. 2015. Web. 27 Sept.
2015.
<http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/shark-california-beach-spotted-closed-hammerhead-328115911.html>.
Queen's University
Belfast. "No Sex Please, We're Female Sharks." ScienceDaily.
ScienceDaily, 23 May 2007.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070523072254.htm>.
Shiffman, David. "Calloped Hammerheads Become First Shark Species
on the U.S. Endangered Species List." Scientific American. A Division of Nature America, 2015. Web. 21
Sept. 2015. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scalloped-hammerheads-become-first-shark-species-on-the-u-s-endangered-species-list/>.
"5 Things More Likely Than a Shark Attack." 5 Things More Likely Than a Shark Attack.
The Diving Blog, 2013. Web. 27 Sept. 2015. <http://www.thedivingblog.com/5-things-more-likely-than-shark-attack/>.